The meth­ods of teach­ing are often orga­nized around core val­ues shared by com­mu­ni­ties. How can those val­ues help chil­dren nav­i­gate the unprece­dent­ed pace of change under which they are being raised?

“We want to show not what is indi­vid­ual, what is sin­gu­lar, what is tru­ly expe­ri­enced as human, but a kind of glit­ter­ing sur­face on top of large for­mal sys­tems, and thought must now recon­struct those for­mal sys­tems on which float from time to time the foam and image of human exis­tence.” — Michel Foucault

Edu­ca­tion has been con­cep­tu­al­ized and imple­ment­ed in a vari­ety of ways over the last cen­tu­ry. The small, mod­est, one-room school­house has mor­phed into large school com­plex­es filled with over­pop­u­lat­ed class­rooms. Where is the mod­er­ate class size? Where is the unwa­ver­ing sup­port for edu­ca­tors, admin­is­tra­tors, and spe­cial­ists? Where are the schools that help the chil­dren most sus­cep­ti­ble to pos­ing fatal risks to them­selves and oth­ers? Why is there not an absolute pre­mi­um being placed on the edu­ca­tion of the chil­dren who will grow up to be respon­si­ble for the state of the world?

A num­ber of alter­na­tive mod­els for edu­ca­tion out­side nation­al stan­dards exist, yet they each come with their own list of pros and cons pre­vent­ing any clear con­sen­sus on the right path for­ward. There’s unfor­tu­nate­ly no mag­ic wand to wave at the issue of how best to arrange edu­ca­tion for all. There’s only the long, slow path toward dis­cov­er­ing and imple­ment­ing more open, hon­est, and respect­ful ways of teaching.

“In edu­ca­tion, you can only cre­ate change from the bottom—if the orders come from the top, schools will resist.” — Mar­gret Rasfeld

In Berlin, Ger­many, The Evan­gel­i­cal School Berlin Cen­tre (ESBC) focus­es on prepar­ing stu­dents for the world out­side the class­room by fos­ter­ing self-moti­va­tion. This empha­sis, on gen­er­at­ing momen­tum from with­in in their approach to new chal­lenges, serves as a use­ful tool with uni­ver­sal appli­ca­tions. The pri­vate school, opened in 2007 with 16 stu­dents, now enrolls 500. ESBC is full of unusu­al, inven­tive rules for edu­cat­ing their stu­dent body. For exam­ple, at the school: the stu­dents decide the sub­jects they want to study for each les­son, grades don’t exist until age 15, and there are nev­er any sched­uled lectures.

Giv­en the free­dom to fol­low one’s own sense of moti­va­tion (or lack there­of), stu­dents who are not engaged dur­ing class-time are required to attend Sat­ur­day morn­ings in a tra­di­tion called “silen­tium”. The school’s head­teacher, Mar­gret Ras­feld, explains how, “The more free­dom you have, the more struc­ture you need.”²²  To that effect, the school’s own four-per­son inno­va­tion team pre­pares a trove of teach­ing mate­ri­als that oth­er schools are in the process of adopt­ing. Rasfeld’s school is rein­vent­ing the tra­di­tion­al approach of stu­dents being told what, and how, to study into a method that stu­dents have a greater role in shap­ing. Through this tran­si­tion, not only will dif­fer­ent learn­ing styles gain greater oppor­tu­ni­ties, but the very notion of what a class­room looks and feels like will ulti­mate­ly have more oppor­tu­ni­ty to diversify.

Ger­many has a rich tra­di­tion of alter­na­tive and envi­ron­men­tal­ly-mind­ed edu­ca­tion. Rudolf Stein­er, who devel­oped bio­dy­nam­ic farm­ing prin­ci­ples based on the ideas of closed loop sys­tems, devel­oped a “whole child” approach to edu­ca­tion at the end of the first World War. In 1919, look­ing for a way to rethink edu­ca­tion­al stan­dards, chil­dren of work­ers at the Wal­dorf-Asto­ria cig­a­rette fac­to­ry in Stuttgart, Ger­many became the first class of this new edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem. The approach Stein­er advo­cat­ed focused on learn­ing along dif­fer­ent phas­es of a child’s devel­op­ment. It also strong­ly focused on inte­grat­ing strengths between the head, heart, and hands. The aim of his pro­gram was to address the phys­i­cal, emo­tion­al, intel­lec­tu­al, cul­tur­al, and spir­i­tu­al needs of each stu­dent equal­ly.²³ These val­ues speak to the human in the child, and the child in the stu­dent, in pur­suit of a holis­tic approach to learn­ing. Today, Dr. Steiner’s ped­a­gogy is wide­ly adopt­ed through­out the world as a great num­ber of schools incor­po­rate the name Wal­dorf in hon­or of where this ped­a­gogy was first practiced.

The idea of con­nect­ing for­mal learn­ing direct­ly to the envi­ron­ment was pro­posed even ear­li­er, in Japan, at the start of the 1900s by edu­ca­tor Tsunesaburō Makiguchi. In his 1903 book, titled Jin­sei Chiri­gaku (A Geog­ra­phy of Human Life), Makiguchi posit­ed that the learn­ing of geog­ra­phy must account for the rela­tion­ship between the indi­vid­ual and human indus­try with nature. In this way, geog­ra­phy becomes less abstract and more per­son­al­ly rel­e­vant. Informed by his prac­tice of Nichiren Bud­dhism, Makiguchi went on to found the Sōka Kyōiku Gakkai (Val­ue-Cre­at­ing Edu­ca­tion Soci­ety) in Japan in the 1920s, which paved the way for the Soka Schools of today. These schools have a goal that eas­i­ly trans­lates any­where: the pur­pose of edu­ca­tion is to allow stu­dents to achieve hap­pi­ness as the means for cre­at­ing val­ue in their lives.

Alter­na­tive approach­es for help­ing stu­dents feel more engaged in their educ­tion con­tin­ue to gain trac­tion through a prism of recent­ly-opened schools. In Min­neso­ta, the Jane Goodall Envi­ron­men­tal Sci­ence Acad­e­my sup­ports learn­ing to occur “out of the class­room, into the world”. This mis­sion state­ment is aimed at trans­form­ing the edu­ca­tion­al expe­ri­ence for stu­dents who have not felt moti­vat­ed in their pre­vi­ous school set­tings. By replac­ing lec­ture-based learn­ing with hands-on appli­ca­tions, the school is expand­ing incen­tives for stu­dents to design their own learn­ing based on their dis­tinct inter­ests and pas­sions. This shift has giv­en stu­dents a space in which they can devel­op their own dis­ci­pline and love of learn­ing.²⁴ Through this infu­sion of pas­sion and per­son­al­iza­tion, more stu­dents gain capac­i­ty as self-moti­vat­ed, inde­pen­dent crit­i­cal thinkers, and become bet­ter pre­pared for prob­lem solv­ing through­out every­day life.

Greater oppor­tu­ni­ties for per­son­al­ized learn­ing might very well become the pri­ma­ry enabler toward expand­ing learn­ing beyond pre­vi­ous­ly stan­dard­ized spaces and sched­ules. Learn­ing is a com­mon jour­ney through­out every stage of life. Con­tin­u­ous learn­ing reflects the notion that we are nev­er fin­ished grow­ing as peo­ple. With more atten­tion being giv­en to this con­stant path to self-improve­ment, the edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem itself will become more reflec­tive of a bound­less area of explo­ration and discovery.