Some­times it’s not a room at all. Class­rooms of the future look a lot less like peo­ple get­ting lec­tured, and much more like peo­ple in conversation.

Over the past two cen­turies, edu­ca­tion was tai­lored to reflect and accom­mo­date the effi­cien­cies of indus­try. But while fac­to­ry pre­ci­sion is great for machines, it is much less suit­able for humans. To improve on the rigid­i­ty of that type of cur­ricu­lum, class­rooms have begun chang­ing to reflect new devel­op­ments in edu­ca­tion­al method­ol­o­gy. While stu­dents used to line up in rows of desks in their class­rooms, that desk orga­ni­za­tion has changed into groups of learn­ers at tables. Beyond this kind of musi­cal chairs approach how can we, as a species, devel­op more effec­tive ways to learn alto­geth­er? What kind of con­tri­bu­tion might inte­grat­ing meta­phys­i­cal stud­ies into cur­ricu­lums be?

There’s a move under­way for unschool­ing, that is, for undo­ing the rigid struc­tures of what it looks like to be a school-age kid in a learn­ing envi­ron­ment. Fam­i­lies look­ing to give their chil­dren an alter­na­tive edu­ca­tion might: fol­low a world-school cur­ricu­lum, choose to home­school, or pur­sue an edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem that allows for learn­ing to be dri­ven by the child. Fam­i­lies from all socioe­co­nom­ic and racial back­grounds are now look­ing for a struc­ture that accom­mo­dates their own jour­ney instead of mere­ly choos­ing to fol­low a road pre­vi­ous­ly dic­tat­ed from above.

Despite deep prob­lems aris­ing with a widen­ing gap in resources between pri­vate and pub­lic edu­ca­tion, we must main­tain a stead­fast resolve to give chil­dren every­where every chance imag­in­able to learn. As edu­ca­tion is a cen­tral pil­lar of any func­tion­ing soci­ety, there is no excuse for under­fund­ing our schools. Our edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem must be able to pro­vide all aspects of a core cur­ricu­lum based on val­ues of human­i­ty and solidarity.

Today’s edu­ca­tion­al stan­dards are improv­ing to bet­ter cater to the full­ness of what it means to be human. The mind, body, spir­it, and envi­ron­ment in which we live and learn are all con­nect­ed. Through this lens, sci­ence, tech­nol­o­gy, engi­neer­ing, math, lan­guage, arts, music, and phys­i­cal edu­ca­tion can all be inte­grat­ed through aware­ness of the cor­re­la­tions between each dis­ci­pline. By tak­ing a holis­tic per­spec­tive to learn­ing, we can devel­op greater depth of knowledge.

In the city of Bal­ti­more, the Holis­tic Life Foun­da­tion is work­ing to address the entire­ty of stu­dents’ needs.¹⁹ Instruc­tors with­in this orga­ni­za­tion pro­vide tech­niques for: peace­ful con­flict res­o­lu­tion, improved focus and con­cen­tra­tion, greater con­trol and aware­ness of thoughts and emo­tions, improved self-reg­u­la­tion, bet­ter stress reduc­tion, and prac­ticed relax­ation. In 60–90 minute class­es, the Mind­ful Moment pro­gram teach­es stu­dents emo­tion­al tools and life skills based on yoga, med­i­ta­tion, breath­ing, tai-chi, cen­ter­ing, and oth­er mind­ful­ness tech­niques.²⁰ The pro­gram was intro­duced to Pat­ter­son Park High School, a pub­lic school in Bal­ti­more, where a diverse stu­dent body includes undoc­u­ment­ed stu­dents, stu­dents from con­flict areas, and stu­dents from refugee sites. After the Holis­tic Life Foun­da­tion intro­duced its pro­gram at the high school, sus­pen­sions for fight­ing dropped by more than half, from 49 to 23. At the same time, the num­ber of 9th graders mov­ing up to 10th grade increased from 45% in to 64%, along with a gen­er­al increase in the aver­age GPA of those stu­dents involved in the pro­gram.²¹

An edu­ca­tion­al mod­el account­ing for the ben­e­fits of mind­ful­ness, med­i­ta­tion, and yoga as a dai­ly prac­tice helps fos­ter social and emo­tion­al growth. Edu­ca­tors and stu­dents from all back­grounds have the oppor­tu­ni­ty to lever­age holis­tic approach­es to improve edu­ca­tion­al envi­ron­ments. Chil­dren who are raised with the sup­port of mind­ful­ness tech­niques become bet­ter equipped to nav­i­gate the var­i­ous chal­lenges they encounter with focus and clarity.

For children—or rather anyone—to be pre­pared for uncer­tain­ty, they need ways to active­ly: con­nect to their sur­round­ings, to find calm with­in them­selves, to learn to embrace fail­ure, and to prac­tice empa­thy. Col­lab­o­ra­tive learn­ing expe­ri­ences encour­age inquiry and cre­ative prob­lem solv­ing to fos­ter mean­ing­ful inter­ac­tion between stu­dents. Education—based on the val­ues of respect, respon­si­bil­i­ty, and solidarity—can be fur­ther improved with prac­tices devot­ed to con­scious awareness.

The meth­ods of teach­ing are often orga­nized around core val­ues shared by com­mu­ni­ties. How can those val­ues help chil­dren nav­i­gate the unprece­dent­ed pace of change under which they are being raised?

“We want to show not what is indi­vid­ual, what is sin­gu­lar, what is tru­ly expe­ri­enced as human, but a kind of glit­ter­ing sur­face on top of large for­mal sys­tems, and thought must now recon­struct those for­mal sys­tems on which float from time to time the foam and image of human exis­tence.” — Michel Foucault

Edu­ca­tion has been con­cep­tu­al­ized and imple­ment­ed in a vari­ety of ways over the last cen­tu­ry. The small, mod­est, one-room school­house has mor­phed into large school com­plex­es filled with over­pop­u­lat­ed class­rooms. Where is the mod­er­ate class size? Where is the unwa­ver­ing sup­port for edu­ca­tors, admin­is­tra­tors, and spe­cial­ists? Where are the schools that help the chil­dren most sus­cep­ti­ble to pos­ing fatal risks to them­selves and oth­ers? Why is there not an absolute pre­mi­um being placed on the edu­ca­tion of the chil­dren who will grow up to be respon­si­ble for the state of the world?

A num­ber of alter­na­tive mod­els for edu­ca­tion out­side nation­al stan­dards exist, yet they each come with their own list of pros and cons pre­vent­ing any clear con­sen­sus on the right path for­ward. There’s unfor­tu­nate­ly no mag­ic wand to wave at the issue of how best to arrange edu­ca­tion for all. There’s only the long, slow path toward dis­cov­er­ing and imple­ment­ing more open, hon­est, and respect­ful ways of teaching.

“In edu­ca­tion, you can only cre­ate change from the bottom—if the orders come from the top, schools will resist.” — Mar­gret Rasfeld

In Berlin, Ger­many, The Evan­gel­i­cal School Berlin Cen­tre (ESBC) focus­es on prepar­ing stu­dents for the world out­side the class­room by fos­ter­ing self-moti­va­tion. This empha­sis, on gen­er­at­ing momen­tum from with­in in their approach to new chal­lenges, serves as a use­ful tool with uni­ver­sal appli­ca­tions. The pri­vate school, opened in 2007 with 16 stu­dents, now enrolls 500. ESBC is full of unusu­al, inven­tive rules for edu­cat­ing their stu­dent body. For exam­ple, at the school: the stu­dents decide the sub­jects they want to study for each les­son, grades don’t exist until age 15, and there are nev­er any sched­uled lectures.

Giv­en the free­dom to fol­low one’s own sense of moti­va­tion (or lack there­of), stu­dents who are not engaged dur­ing class-time are required to attend Sat­ur­day morn­ings in a tra­di­tion called “silen­tium”. The school’s head­teacher, Mar­gret Ras­feld, explains how, “The more free­dom you have, the more struc­ture you need.”²²  To that effect, the school’s own four-per­son inno­va­tion team pre­pares a trove of teach­ing mate­ri­als that oth­er schools are in the process of adopt­ing. Rasfeld’s school is rein­vent­ing the tra­di­tion­al approach of stu­dents being told what, and how, to study into a method that stu­dents have a greater role in shap­ing. Through this tran­si­tion, not only will dif­fer­ent learn­ing styles gain greater oppor­tu­ni­ties, but the very notion of what a class­room looks and feels like will ulti­mate­ly have more oppor­tu­ni­ty to diversify.

Ger­many has a rich tra­di­tion of alter­na­tive and envi­ron­men­tal­ly-mind­ed edu­ca­tion. Rudolf Stein­er, who devel­oped bio­dy­nam­ic farm­ing prin­ci­ples based on the ideas of closed loop sys­tems, devel­oped a “whole child” approach to edu­ca­tion at the end of the first World War. In 1919, look­ing for a way to rethink edu­ca­tion­al stan­dards, chil­dren of work­ers at the Wal­dorf-Asto­ria cig­a­rette fac­to­ry in Stuttgart, Ger­many became the first class of this new edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem. The approach Stein­er advo­cat­ed focused on learn­ing along dif­fer­ent phas­es of a child’s devel­op­ment. It also strong­ly focused on inte­grat­ing strengths between the head, heart, and hands. The aim of his pro­gram was to address the phys­i­cal, emo­tion­al, intel­lec­tu­al, cul­tur­al, and spir­i­tu­al needs of each stu­dent equal­ly.²³ These val­ues speak to the human in the child, and the child in the stu­dent, in pur­suit of a holis­tic approach to learn­ing. Today, Dr. Steiner’s ped­a­gogy is wide­ly adopt­ed through­out the world as a great num­ber of schools incor­po­rate the name Wal­dorf in hon­or of where this ped­a­gogy was first practiced.

The idea of con­nect­ing for­mal learn­ing direct­ly to the envi­ron­ment was pro­posed even ear­li­er, in Japan, at the start of the 1900s by edu­ca­tor Tsunesaburō Makiguchi. In his 1903 book, titled Jin­sei Chiri­gaku (A Geog­ra­phy of Human Life), Makiguchi posit­ed that the learn­ing of geog­ra­phy must account for the rela­tion­ship between the indi­vid­ual and human indus­try with nature. In this way, geog­ra­phy becomes less abstract and more per­son­al­ly rel­e­vant. Informed by his prac­tice of Nichiren Bud­dhism, Makiguchi went on to found the Sōka Kyōiku Gakkai (Val­ue-Cre­at­ing Edu­ca­tion Soci­ety) in Japan in the 1920s, which paved the way for the Soka Schools of today. These schools have a goal that eas­i­ly trans­lates any­where: the pur­pose of edu­ca­tion is to allow stu­dents to achieve hap­pi­ness as the means for cre­at­ing val­ue in their lives.

Alter­na­tive approach­es for help­ing stu­dents feel more engaged in their educ­tion con­tin­ue to gain trac­tion through a prism of recent­ly-opened schools. In Min­neso­ta, the Jane Goodall Envi­ron­men­tal Sci­ence Acad­e­my sup­ports learn­ing to occur “out of the class­room, into the world”. This mis­sion state­ment is aimed at trans­form­ing the edu­ca­tion­al expe­ri­ence for stu­dents who have not felt moti­vat­ed in their pre­vi­ous school set­tings. By replac­ing lec­ture-based learn­ing with hands-on appli­ca­tions, the school is expand­ing incen­tives for stu­dents to design their own learn­ing based on their dis­tinct inter­ests and pas­sions. This shift has giv­en stu­dents a space in which they can devel­op their own dis­ci­pline and love of learn­ing.²⁴ Through this infu­sion of pas­sion and per­son­al­iza­tion, more stu­dents gain capac­i­ty as self-moti­vat­ed, inde­pen­dent crit­i­cal thinkers, and become bet­ter pre­pared for prob­lem solv­ing through­out every­day life.

Greater oppor­tu­ni­ties for per­son­al­ized learn­ing might very well become the pri­ma­ry enabler toward expand­ing learn­ing beyond pre­vi­ous­ly stan­dard­ized spaces and sched­ules. Learn­ing is a com­mon jour­ney through­out every stage of life. Con­tin­u­ous learn­ing reflects the notion that we are nev­er fin­ished grow­ing as peo­ple. With more atten­tion being giv­en to this con­stant path to self-improve­ment, the edu­ca­tion­al sys­tem itself will become more reflec­tive of a bound­less area of explo­ration and discovery.

Peace is not pas­sive; it is an extreme­ly proac­tive force that must be taught and learned. Peace can serve as a par­a­digm for per­son­al and col­lec­tive orga­ni­za­tion. Learn­ing to take bet­ter care of our­selves and our plan­et will fur­ther instill the prin­ci­ples of peace into every­day practices.

“Moth­ers, chil­dren, grown-ups and elder­ly must dream very strong­ly and high­ly, tak­ing the point of view of the heav­ens, of the stars, of the sun, of the moon, of the clouds and of the birds. And our dreams of a peace­ful, weapon­less, beau­ti­ful and good world for all those admit­ted to live on it will come true.” — Robert Muller

A cos­mic per­spec­tive will con­tin­u­al­ly reveal that all peo­ple occu­py one shared envi­ron­ment for which we are all respon­si­ble. To keep in mind of this often for­got­ten truth, edu­ca­tion offers the path to knowl­edge, knowhow, and enlight­en­ment. The process of learn­ing serves to ignite ideas and strength­en com­mu­ni­ties. In this respect, edu­ca­tion­al mod­els con­struct­ed around peace will help estab­lish pos­i­tive rela­tion­ships on local and glob­al scales.

“The deep­est ser­vice that almost any of us can do in peace-build­ing is to real­ly listen.”
— Scil­la Elworthy

A les­son-plan built around learn­ing from sur­vivors of vio­lence is an inte­gral com­po­nent to revi­tal­ize com­mu­ni­ties suf­fer­ing from trau­ma and neglect. Dr. Scil­la Elwor­thy, a three-time Nobel Peace Prize nom­i­nee for her work with Oxford Research Group, is work­ing on tools for cre­at­ing and keep­ing peace in geopo­lit­i­cal con­flict zones through dia­logue and medi­a­tion. Notably, she has worked to devel­op effec­tive dia­logue strate­gies for com­mu­ni­ca­tion between inter­na­tion­al nuclear weapons pol­i­cy-mak­ers and their oppo­nents. Elworthy’s 2017 book, The Busi­ness Plan for Peace: Build­ing a World With­out War, offered twen­ty-five strate­gies for pre­vent­ing war that have worked in the past, and can con­tin­ue to be employed, to pre­vent armed vio­lence world­wide.²⁵ Peace is attain­able, as long as those involved in con­flict under­stand that their con­flict is tem­po­rary. To locate com­mon ground and work toward agree­ments, peo­ple in con­flict must be able to voice their oppo­si­tion, lis­ten, learn from each other’s per­spec­tives, and find their way through con­struc­tive conversation.

For peace to flour­ish, the foun­da­tion­al rela­tion­ships between diverse peo­ple with­in, and between, soci­eties must be sol­id. Cul­ture and edu­ca­tion offer two all-encom­pass­ing areas in which pub­lic engage­ment con­sis­tent­ly requires sta­bil­i­ty to func­tion. Peo­ple are most equipped to build sta­ble rela­tion­ships when they’re feel­ing well and gen­er­al­ly hap­py with the con­di­tions in which they live. Edu­ca­tion offers an are­na in which to cre­ate con­di­tions for hap­pi­ness. In Japan, the Soka Schools sys­tem — devel­oped in the 1970s by Daisaku Ike­da, a Bud­dhist philoso­pher, edu­ca­tor, and author — con­tin­ues the edu­ca­tion­al phi­los­o­phy of Tsunesaburō Makiguchi based on the idea of stu­dents achiev­ing hap­pi­ness through their edu­ca­tion in order to cre­ate val­ue.²⁶ Soka schools range from kinder­gartens through post-grad­u­ate pro­grams. They put increased empha­sis on peace, human rights, sus­tain­able devel­op­ment, and ecol­o­gy. We believe that this inte­gra­tion of envi­ron­men­tal­ism, with empa­thy and the pur­suit of hap­pi­ness, offers a com­pelling approach for glob­al edu­ca­tion­al standards.

“In the final analysis…the main func­tion of edu­ca­tion is to make chil­dren hap­py, ful­filled, uni­ver­sal human beings.” — Robert Muller

The World Core Cur­ricu­lum envi­sions prin­ci­ples for edu­ca­tion that can be adapt­ed to any envi­ron­ment on Earth. Devel­oped by Robert Muller, known as the “father of glob­al edu­ca­tion”, the four strands of the World Core Cur­ricu­lum include: “One­ness with the plan­et”, “Uni­ty with peo­ple”, “Har­mo­ny with self”, and “Evo­lu­tion through time”²⁷. In 1989, Muller was the Lau­re­ate of the Unesco Prize for peace edu­ca­tion. In his accep­tance speech, he spoke of numer­ous dreams for peace edu­ca­tion. Muller’s third dream states, “all schools and uni­ver­si­ties of this Earth will teach peace and non-vio­lence and will become schools and uni­ver­si­ties of peace.”²⁸ We feel that this is the kind of integri­ty of ideas that needs to be imme­di­ate­ly incor­po­rat­ed into edu­ca­tion­al prac­tices to encour­age world­wide social and envi­ron­men­tal responsibility.

To ensure a sus­tain­able future, teach­ing peace and plan­e­tary stew­ard­ship must be an inte­gral com­po­nent to edu­ca­tion. Val­ues of respect, empa­thy, flex­i­bil­i­ty, and a love of learn­ing will be cru­cial to the sup­port of con­flict res­o­lu­tion, from child­hood to more com­plex adult sit­u­a­tions. Find­ing ways to acti­vate the joy in learn­ing will con­tin­u­al­ly facil­i­tate path­ways to peace. In that spir­it, fol­low your pas­sion. Go where curios­i­ty leads. Com­mit to mak­ing sense of what might seem either too com­pli­cat­ed or impos­si­ble to con­ceive. For too long, the idea of “world peace” has seemed out of reach. Yet, if we can main­tain peace­ful rela­tion­ships with­in our homes, schools, work­places, and com­mu­ni­ties, sure­ly we can also extend our per­son­al­ized pro­grams of peace-build­ing to larg­er areas of human civilization.